Dietary fatty acids and human health

نویسندگان

  • Christine M. WILLIAMS
  • Hugh Sinclair
چکیده

A considerable amount of evidence has accumulated to support the view that the very long chain omega 3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) have beneficial cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory properties and that levels of their consumption are insufficient in most Western diets. More recently, attention has been given to the possibility that the precursor omega-3 PUFA, alpha linolenic acid (ALNA), may share some of the beneficial actions of EPA/DHA on human health. Further research into the metabolism and physiological actions of ALNA, and comparisons with EPA/DHA, is needed before conclusions regarding the optimal amounts and types of omega-3 PUFA for human health can be defined. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which arises as a metabolic by-product of rumen hydrogenation and which is found in foods of animal origin, has been proposed to possess potent health promoting properties, but much of this research has been conducted in experimental animals. There is an urgent need for complementary studies in human volunteers, to confirm the putative anti-carcinogenic, anti-atherogenic, anti-lipogenic and immuno-suppressive properties of CLA. human health / fatty acids / omega-3 PUFA / conjugated linoleic acid Résumé — Acides gras alimentaires et santé humaine. Il a été amplement démontré que les acides gras à très longue chaîne en oméga 3, les acides eicoapentaenoïque (EPA) et decosahexaenoïque (DHA) ont des effets positifs relatifs à l’apparition des maladies cardio-vasculaires, et des propriété anti-inflammatoires. Leur consommation par l’Homme est insuffisante dans la plupart des pays occidentaux. Récemment il est apparu que l’acide alpha linolénique, précurseur des acides gras en oméga 3, pouvait partager avec l’EPA et le DHA certains effets positifs sur la santé humaine. Des recherches complémentaires sur le métabolisme et le rôle physiologique de l’acide alpha linolénique, ainsi que des comparaisons avec l’EPA et le DHA sont nécessaires avant de pouvoir définir les apports recommandés optimaux de chacun de ces acides gras. L’acide linoléique conjugué (CLA) qui provient du métabolisme ruminal des acides gras et qui est présent dans les aliments d’origine animale, a été décrit comme potentiellement favorable à la santé humaine, mais la plupart des expérimentations ont été conduites sur animaux de laboratoire. Il y a une urgence à réaliser des études complémentaires sur des volontaires humains, afin de confirmer les propriétés annoncées du CLA, à savoir des effets anti-carcinogène, anti-athérogène, anti-lipogénique et une modulation de l’immunité. santé humaine / acides gras / oméga-3 PUFA / acide linoléique conjugué Ann. Zootech. 49 (2000) 165–180 165 © INRA, EDP Sciences * Correspondence and reprints Tel.: 00 44 1189 318706; fax: 00 44 1189 318703; e-mail: [email protected]

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تاریخ انتشار 1999